The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in the Aqidah Akhlak Subject at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 1 Aceh Tengah

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students in the Aqidah Akhlak subject at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 1 Aceh Tengah. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, written tests, and documentation. The findings show that applying the PBL model effectively enhanced students’ participation, engagement, and critical thinking abilities. Learning achievement increased from 67.74% in the first cycle to 83.87% in the second cycle, while the average student score improved from 68.06 to 74.83. These results demonstrate that PBL encourages active learning, reflective inquiry, and moral reasoning aligned with Islamic educational values. In conclusion, the Problem-Based Learning model proved effective in improving the quality of Aqidah Akhlak instruction by developing students’ analytical and ethical decision-making skills. Therefore, integrating PBL into Islamic elementary education is recommended to strengthen students’ moral awareness and critical thinking competence for future challenges.